Cause – What is the main cause of cataracts?

Cataracts are primarily a result of aging, as proteins in the eye’s lens break down and cause clouding. While the exact trigger is unknown, they affect roughly 30% of adults over age 65.  

Primary Causes & Risk Factors  

Lifestyle: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.  

Medical: Diabetes and long-term steroid use.  

Trauma: Previous eye injuries or surgeries.  

The Three Main Types  

Subcapsular cataracts, which form at the back of the lens – people with diabetes or people taking steroids have a higher risk of developing a subcapsular cataract. 

Nuclear cataracts, which form in the centre of the lens – these are usually associated with ageing.  

Cortical cataracts, which form at the edge of the lens and then gradually increase in size and make their way to the centre of the lens – these are characterised by white blotches and again, are usually associated with ageing.